Water heater



May 16, 1950 J. H. LESLIEJI WATER HEATER 5 Sheets-Sheet l Filed Aug. 25, 1945 May 16, 1950 4 J. H. LESLIEJI 2,508,277

WATER HEATER l Filed Aug. 25, 1945 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 J. H. LESLIE, 1I

May 16, 1950 WATER HEATER 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Aug. 25, 1945 May 16, 1950 J. H. LEs| |E,1L 2,508,277

WATER HEATER Filed Aug. 25, 1945 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 May 16, 1950 J. H. LESLIE-,1I 2,508,277

WATER HEATER Filed Aug. 25, 1945 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented May 16, i950 e j.

' WATER HEATER John H. Leslie, II, Winnetka, Ill., assignor to Stewart-Warner Corporation, Chicago, Ill., a corporation of Virginia.

Application August 25, 1945, serial No. 612,665

13 Claims.

This invention relates to heating apparatus and is more particularly concerned with, but not limited to, heating equipment for automobiles and similar vehicles.

In present automotive practice the passenger compartment of a vehicle is frequently heated by, means of a hot water radiator connected to the engine cooling system so as to receive a supply ofn hot water from the water jacket of the internal combustion engine which drives the vehicle. In some installations, only a single heater is `v`used for the entire passenger compartment, while in other installations two or more heaters are employed for this purpose. In some arrangements" the hot water radiator is mounted on the dash board which separates the engine compartment from the passenger compartment; in other cases the heating radiator is located beneath the front seat of a passenger automobile. Various other arrangements of hot Water heaters are provided for passenger automobiles and in buses several heaters may be located at different points in the passenger space to insure a substantially uniform distribution of the heating effect.

Withjany(l of these arrangements the heat radiating` unit or units are ineffective until the temperature of the water in the jacket of the enginehas been raised by operation of the engineAv itself. When the vehicle has been standing in the'open or in an unheatedgarage for an appreciable length of timel in cold weather, the

water inithe engine cooling system is at a low i and also the time required to raise the water in e thecirculatory system to a sufciently high temperature so that the heat radiating units will beginL t9 give oii heat to the passenger compartment. However, even with the best present installiations, a very appreciable period of time is requiredbefore the heat units commence supplying heat if the automobile andits cooling systemi are thoroughly chilled at .the time the engine; is started.

One `objectoi? this invention is to provide anV auxiliary heating apparatus '-ior` use with` a. clrles comes from the engine.

culatory system having one or more heat radiating units and which will materially shortenA the time required to bring the Water in the system to a sufficiently high temperature to enable the radiating units to give off heat. Another object of the invention is to provide an auxiliary heating apparatus which can be installed in the circulatory systems of existing automobiles and which is adapted to`be used with any type of hot water heating unit. A further object of the invention is to provide new and improved preheating apparatus for use in connection with the liquid cooling system of Y an internal combustion engine and which is adapted to 'raise the temperature of the liquid e. in` the system independently of the heat radiated by the operation of the engine so as to facilitate starting the engine. and to improve the eiciency of its operation immediately after Y starting.

It is also an object of the invention to provide new and improved heating apparatus applicable to the circulatory system of an internal com- Y bustion engine, particularly when such a system includes a, heat radiating unit or units, and having automatic controlling means serving to start and stop the operation of the auxiliary heater in accordance with temperature requirements of the system.

More specifically, it is an object of the invention to provide new and improved heating apparatus having a burner, a combustion chamber' and a water jacket with connections by which said jacket may be included in the circulatory cooling system of an internal combustion engine, together with thermostatic means controlling operation of the burner and located closely-adjacent the water. inlet ofl the jacket so las to be responsive to the temperature of the water as it Another object of the invention is to provide a heating apparatus adapted to be coupled intothe .circulatory system of an internal combustion engine when such system includes a heat radiating unit or units, the apparatus being operable independently of the engine so as to supply heat to the radiating unit or units when the engine is not running and being" preferably r adapted to employ the same fuel as that used in the engine.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear from the following description.

In the drawings:

Fig. l is a side elevational View partly in section showing a heater embodyingl this ,invention b and including a diagram of the electrical circuits associated with the control devices therefor;

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional View or the heater with a portion broken out to condense the View and with the pump and fuel control valve shown in elevation;

Fig. 3 is a detail section taken as indicated at line 3--3 ori/. Fg. 2

line 4-4 on Fig. l;

Fig. 5 is a transverse vertical section taken as indicated at line 5-5 on Fig. 2;

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary end elevation take'rr'as` r indicated at line on Fig.. 1,..and showing .,a..

portion of the lower 4casing brokenl away.; y Fig. 'l is an axial vertical section of the electrically-operated fuel control valve for the heater;

Fig. 8 is a more or less diagraminaticside elevational view of a portion of a motor Vehicle with the heater of the presen-t invention secured in pQSitipn .and Connected. tof'a heat. radiating unit in thfepassenger compartment.'

As' shownin Figs.' 1 and 2, the heater which. is

designated..."generally by the. numeral ii) is of' cylindrical 'form 'and includes a cylindrical .coinbustionchamher IZ'having an. end Wall Idand havjii'igban` initi'alilcombu'stion Vspace onburner vde- 4 ned. by a wallgi 6' of truncated ,conical 'Eorni tendhgjrom' the'lwall It* into the end of. cylindrical" chamber l2; The Vliquid iuel for combusA-,ilcle-4 uixture is .supplied through. a

strictedforice lfleadingifrom the fuel.controlv valve device denoted bythe numeral the liquid fuel is. discharged into a pocket *F.Zcontaining an by'a'motor ztlanddischarging the-airlinto a feed" pip' whichiterminates 'a portion 32 extend'- ing .through.the.conical wall, i6. inaV direction sub?l stantially tangentiatthereto. The" air entering the burnferspace within thewall i5 is thus given a whirlingV motion as indicated bythe arrows' in Fig, 5 which'facilitates thorougliintermixture of thejair witlrr'theliquid fuel; Thejmixture ig nited vinitially by' Contact withv the' incandescent element 24` and" th'eaine proceeds* through'v the combustion chamber Vi 2 fromn the 'burner spacefrne towardthe.oppositeend of the chamber.v cylindrical Wall` 3i*of"tl1e chamber i 2 terminates in spacedrreiation to the end wel' combustion, space `I2 commi. nulaispace annule; extending The waterijacket for" thewater which i to be' Y' heatedi'bythe products oi cornbu'stion"is4 'two Vehicle engine 4Q (Fig. 8) into connection :with

outerjacket 'dei asY seen' in Fig.' 2 andzink alignment with this inlet pipe 5'4" there issecured a.con necting thimble 56 providing communicationpwit-h the' inner 'jacket #lf3 so that the iii-flowing water dividesbetweenthe. two jackets and passes .up.;.

*ec the 'f in atc-swith an .an-' lsurrounding it and leading tc thelandfthe v wardly around both sides of the combustion chamber I2. The water outlet 58 is shown extending from the upper side of the heater casing 59 and in communication with the outer jacket 5 48. A thimble 5U is arranged in alignment with the outlet 58 for interconnecting the inner jacket 44 and the outer jacket 48 and providing a direct outlet-,from theinner jacket.. The outer jacket 48L includesaspace t2 at ,theendof the combustion chamber I2 between the end wall 36 thereof -andthe end wall 54! of the heater. At its upper A end the outlet 5S is connected by a pipe 59 (Fig. 8`)"to the inlet end of one or more heat radiating untssSI which may be of conventional construc- .tionand arelocatedfin the passenger compartment'of-:the vehiclel.; .The outlet end of the heat radiating unit 5I is connected by a pipe 63 to a part of the en-gin'e circulatory system such as the water, pum-p- 65.

The liquid fuel for the kheater is conveniently supplied by` an engine driven pumpl '56 whichis shownwith" affuelsupply pipe' iid-"leading 'into it anda fuel 'feed'pi'pe leading from the pumpf' into the fuel bowl 'I2 of-'the control valvev deviceL 26. This valve device is shownI in detail in Fig. '7*y and includes anv inlet valve 'M which is upheld by a spring 'and is normally'urgcdfbythe-'fuel Dumpjplessure toward a valve sea-t l'S-iorme'd inY` the fitting` t' whichis screwed into the inlet pas-V` sage 32 with'- which'the feed-pipe 7B" is connected:-

valve device 2B Vacts as a pressure regulator toy insure thatfuel is'lfed therefrornto the burner* ata dei'itepreSSure' for any given settingof the electro-'magneticivalve control means, as morefully explained' in' the co-pending application assigned tothe-assignee of this application? The fuelfbowl "i2f`is formed-With a flange 85 'aridiA an upperlwal-l'fis'*provided forVV the'- bowl in the formi of a flexible diaphragm 88- havin`g-itsll peripheral lowerend'in- 1 a magnetic plate 96.- V

', diaphragm?88y saidlbutton having a head engaging-the'jlowerface of the'diaphragm and havingl a cuppedwasherfJIIll? engaging theupperface of- Y the diaphragm, the shank portion ofthe' button.v I-

e clampingarelation tostheidiaphragm.A vA--sho1-t'4ocl The iitti'ng Gil vis provided "withAT Van-'outlet-V porti" Sli vA throug'h' which v the fliquid fuel' iis deli-veredftothe"bowll'i'whentheI valve 'I is opened. -Tlie pump' Smay be 'of 'the typeidesign'ed'tofmaintai-h a constantv pressure of liquid fuel Yin the feed' pipe but if the fuel supply pressure is variable'ltlie nd comprises aV coil 2192 'tted on toa :magrieticf''core` 94 which is secured`T at its-.fY Clamping;-A i screwsfSSl extendY through thel marginalr portions-f: F' ofthe plate andfthrough the ring' iland flange* S'for-cla'mping-thediapliragm 38 in position and mountinglthe electromagnet thoreover. A cylindricai-shellItiifofmagnetic material surrounds thecoilliiZ yandincludes-a foot ange H12 Awhich securedlunderthe'headsof the screws 98 so-thatinI-eiect-tlie-upper'end'of the core Bft forms one pole ofthe magnetswhile'lthe-annular upper end of the shell ilffforms `the opposite pole with-anvv annular airgap between them at' it. An armaf tureernernber :I tlflinf the form oiV` aninverted` cupi is arranged With' its marginal portion |68 adjae cent the-aingap'Y Idandfwth'a brass`-stem IIU' i. extending slidably'through the core-94; thus when2 the inag'netooil `92`is energizectthe armature |0615' and itsstem'fli Il@ are drawn downwardly.. The# lower` end-of the -ste'ni IIlengages -acontact but-- ton II2-which'isf'clamped'inithelcenter of'the Vthe burner.

The water inlet pipe' 54 leads from the upper portion of the water jacket of the internal combustion engine (Fig.8), andpreferably, inorder to distribute the inc'omingwater'in the jacket 44, baffle rails are'secured to the inner face ofthe wall 50 and extend parallel toeachother at ope' posite sides of the inlet 54 almostlthroughout the entire length of the jacket 48. The upper edges of the rails |20 stop s hort of the opposite wall 52 softhat the incoming water :can spill over the temes into thespace naar both Sides of the in;

let; and said rails |20 also stop short of the ends of the jacket 48providing passages |22 as seen in FigL, 2 by which the remainder of the water will `findl its way into the main portion of the jacket 48. 'l Similarly, bame rails |24 are arranged at opposite' Vsides of the inlet thimble 56 in the jacket 4'4`and these rails' extend almost throughout the length of the jacket 44. "Their upper edges stop short of the inner wallA 34 providing narrow spaces through which the water can spill over into the jacket 4,4 at both sides of the inlet while passages |26'are formed at the ends of the bames |24 to admit the remainder of the water to the main portion of the jacket space 44. By this arrangement th colder water entering through the inlet 54 is quickly spread over a considerable' area of "the heating surface and is well distributed into the body of warmer water already in the jackets to facilitate the rapid transfer of heat to the ny coming water.

To place the heater in service the main switch |30is" closed for connecting the variouscontrol 4.5

devices with a source of electrical energy such as the'vbattery |32 indicated in Fig. l. VThis energizes the relay coil" |34. The circuit for the relay |34 includes the Vconductor |36, conductor |38', contact'arm |40' of Aa thermostat |4'2,a'nd contact arm |44 which is shown grounded at |46, the battery |32 also having one terminal grounded. The relay. |84 closes theslwitch I 48 `providing a circuit including conductor and conductor I 52 leading to the terminal |54 of theigniter 24, the other terminal ofthe igniter being grounded as indicated at |56. V

At the same time the relay |34 closes the switch |58` which provides connections for thehigh-low heat thermostat switchk |60. From the switch |58 a lead wire |62 extends to the switch arm |64 which engages switch arm |66 from which the conductor |68 leads to the coil 92 ofthe magnetic fuel control device 20, the other side of the coil being grounded as indicated at |10. It may be .understood that when the heater is cold all thermostatic contacts are closed so that closing of the main switch |30 thus energizes the igniter 24 and causes the magnetic control device 20 to open the fuelvalve 14 and admit fuel to the burner space within the wall I6. The switch |58 also provides a connection by way of conductors |62 and |12 leading to the blower motor 28, the other terminal 'of the motorbeing .grounded at |1`4'sothat the blower is immediately actuated t0 furnish'air for admixture with the liquid fuel in the combustion space of the heater.

The igniter thermostat |42 is attached to the outer wall 50 of the heater directly over the annular passage 40 which leads to the exhaust pipe 42. At this point there is no water jacket interposed between the outer wall 50 and the exhaust passage; accordingly, the thermostat |42 will be promptly influenced by the temperature ofthe exhaust and when this reaches about 100 F. the bimetallic arm |16 will be flexed sufcientlyto force the contact blade |40 away from the blade |44 and open the circuit through this thermostat. This will de-energize the relay coil |34, thus opening the switch |48 which is in the circuit of the igniter 24. Combustion having been initiated and continued up to the point at which a temperature of 100 F. is available to actuate the thermostat |42, it may be assumed that combustion will maintain itself without the aid of electrical ignition.

When the switch |48 is opened by deenergizing of the relay |34, the switch |58 is also opened, thus breaking the original circuits by which the blower motor 28 and the fuel control Valve 20 were energized. Howeverthe conductor |18 which extends from the switch |58 to a holding relay energizes this relay and closes its switch |82 when the main switch |30 is initially closed; the circuit for the relay proceeds from conductor |18 through the relay coil |80 thence by way of conductor |84 to the terminal of the blade |85 of the high-low heat thermostat |60, and this blade |86 is normally in contact with the blade |88 which is grounded as indicated at |80. The closing of the switch |82 by relay |80 provides a direct feed wire |82 for the relay coil |88, as a path independent-of the relay |34, so that the coil |88 and its switch |82 comprise a. holding relay for maintaining an energizing circuit for the blower motor 28 through conductors |18, |62, and |12, and for the magnetic fuel control device 20 by way of conductors |18, |62 and the contacts of the high-low heat thermostat The thermostat |68 is mounted on the side wall 50 of the heater at a position relatively close to the water inlet 54 at which the water flowing from the enginejacket enters the heater. This thermostat thus serves to control the operationv of the heater in accordance with the require: ments as indicated by the temperature Aof the water in the upper portion of the engine jacket from which the water is taken directly into` the heater. If the temperature of that water relatively low it is evident that the operation 0f the heater as a booster is required to elevate the temperature of the water to a point at which efficient operation of the engine can take place and at which it will carry sufficient heat for warming the passenger compartment if that is included in the circulatory system. If the temperature of the water in the engine is relatively high, it is obvious that there is no need of'in creasing its temperature by operation of the heater and it can be allowed to flow through the heater without having any heat added to it'. "f To accomplish these results, the bimetallic arm |84 of the thermostat |60 is designed 'to swing to the left as seen in Fig. 1 and to move the contact arm |64' out of engagement with the contact arm |66 when'the temperature of the heater jacket at this point reaches about F., This opens the directcircuit through the contacts |64 and |66 and requires the current to flirte,.entire-lv` by way o f, the; resistance L96 which is shunted across .theterminals of. said eentaets |555; andl 'l 55e. as` seen iniF-liaml. VVThis reduceathecurnent strength available inthe coil farm sliltanf-izits biecht G5; .0f insulating material will: fbrineffsa-id. part.- 155.; into engagement with theecgrrtactlarmfltfandgforce the latter outof .eligdlllnt its` `coeperating contact. iBS, .tana penngtneffcrcuit through Conductor .It

MdehQdng frelay i853, with: the Iresult that the motor 28 and the magnetic fuel control.. device .Zikarecompletely de-.energized, shutting o the supply of fuel and air and terminating. Vcombustion in the chamber i2. for thetime being.

Wgherr the relay switch lt2 is opened, the operation of the .heater willnot. be resumed upon the mere-closing ofv thehigh heat contacts. land 1,818 oil-the thermostat liior upon closing of. the lqvcvheat ccntactsitli .and IE6, such closure rellltingirom the gradual cooling of thefwater .in

.the-:adjacent jackety 138. The, relay coil. Ll `can lm finitially energized only by Way of thesvvitch 158; Whichis controlled by relay i3d', but asi-soon as; the temperature drops suiiciently t0,v Permit .elesure of the igniter thermostat Ili-2;, the relay Y v1551i Will-be re-energized, closing thev switches i128 .and :|58 and causing the other circuits-.t0 be cinjnrpleted` as already described in connection with the initial operation o1"- the heater. The heater-r Will thus continue to .operate at intervals imimantain .the Water at asae vtemperature to insure satisfactory operation. ofgthe engine and also satisfactory radiationfrom` thegcirculatery system Whenever it is employed iorl heating the passenger compartment o the vehicle.

y"'Jhe circulation of the water through the heater and through the engine cooling system further controlled by means of'a flow. regulating valve Z` which is mounted at the end orf'the outlet connection 58y with the governing` bellows 2U2-ofthe Sylphon type which may be understoodas comprising a sealed elastic chamber which expandsl as the increase of temperature causes an increase in the vapor pressure of the liquidi 'sealed therein. `The Sylphon is carried on a bracket -Z which supports it Within the .outlet passage 58 Where it is exposed to the temperature of the water flowing from the heater seftha't as the temperatureY increases the valve Y Z110. will. be opened more widely yto Vpermit of more rapid circulation of the Water throughY the circulatory system, and as the Water temperature decreases the valve will be drawn toward itsA seat for. restricting the now, thus allowing the Water'to remain in the jackets d and i8 for longer` periodso that it may absorb more heat before passing into the system. It will be understood" that this regulating valve 209 is respon- .Sye to variations oi water temperature caused bythe operation of the engine and its regular peeling system and that so long as the engine itsteli` maintains the Water at a predetermined .temperature the boosting action ofthe heater not` be required and the heater will. not. op-

tinnen. itas. an element ef iateryi/,Stem

. It. write understeed that-the complete cir-cula.- tery .systenleeinpriee the heaten. thev engine jacaet, the .engnieradiatonandordinaly heat radiating units in the passenger compartment. 0f tneveniele. Athermestatic valve (Fig. ,8)V sillilar tothevalve .Zim is ccnventionaliy arranged inthe connectionbetvveen.the engineand. its radiatorso as to closetliiseonnection when the water cold and open it to apply the cooling etfectv or". the radiaterastne. engine raisest the; water temperature. .But thethermostatic valve willwbeset tonnen at4 alower. temperature. than .the engine radiator. thermostat. so thatow through the heatingslystem. oi the, vehiclelcan, be maintained after th eenglne, is warmed. up. t Generally,.the .enginey water temilerature.V will` .not rise. .much abone thesetting ofthe engineradator thermestat since-.atthatpoiut the. eQQiing erect` of.' the radiatorv wiilbeappliedto reduce the water temperature., But, with the, thermostatic valve 200 arranged Vto .open atja. lower temperature than the engine, radiator.. thermostat. .thewater will tiren.- late .through the .heating System. .et the vehicle and, except. inextrerne weather; the vehicle may beheated mainy from the engine Without requiring tneboosting eiiect .ef theneater'forfany een- Siderable time In warm weather.. whenv heat-is cet wantedinthe passenger eernnartment, a. suitablejnanual centrol;` valve (not shown) in the .water eenneetion to. the radiating. units. can. be elesedand .the engine. radiator. then will be relied. unen. to vdissipate. excess. heat. generated by the engine- "Vllhiiegthere 'is .shewnanddeseribed herein certain structureillustrating the invention, it is to belunderstood' that the invention. is l not .limited thereto, or `thereby but may assume numerous `410 other'forins andA includesall modifications, variations l andy equivalents coming with the scope of the followingfclaims.

Iclaim:

1,. A heating unit for use-in combination with 4.5 the .circulatory coo-lingrsystem of an internal combustion. engine and heat-radiating means connected thereto,y said unit cmprising an internal combustion heaterincludingy a combustion chamber having an.. exhaust vpassage for the pIOducts of;.co,mbustion a water Vjacket in heat exchange relation With'the combustion chamber and having inlet and outlet4 passages connected with said circulatorysystem, a heatk responsive device disposed adjacent the Water jacket inlet so as to respond to the'temperature of; the Water entering said jacket, said device having an element movable to different positions corresponding to different' temperatures, .a fuel inlet valve `for the heater, electromagnetic actuating means fgor said valve, a source of electrical' energyconnected in circuit with said actuating means,` a rst switch operatedjby saidV element at one temperature to effectagreductionjin the current flow tor said electromagnetic means f or reducing the'opening of said fuel'inlet valve, and a second switch operable at.asecondtemperature by further movement of said element further to reduce current to said electromagnetic means and further to reduce the Opening of'said' fuel inlet valve- 2. A heating unit `for usgin combination with the circulatoruccoling systernof an internal 'combustien engine .and ,heat-.radiating means connected thereto, said ,comprising an internal combustion heater. including a combustion chamacosa?? berhaving an exhaust passage for the products of combustion, a Water jacket in heat exchange relation with the combustion chamber and having inlet and outlet passages connected with said circulatory system, a heat responsive device disposed adjacent the water jacket inlet so as to respond to the temperature of the Water entering the jacket, said device having an element movable to different positions corresponding to diiferent temperatures, a fuel inlet valve for the heater, electromagnetic actuating means for said valve, a source of electrical energy, a plurality of circuits differing in resistance for energizing said electromagnetic means and thereby varying the opening of said fuel inlet valve including a circuit to effect maximum opening of said valve, a first switch in said last mentioned circuit operated by said element in response to variations in the water inlet temperature relative to one level to open and close said circuit, and a second switch in another circuit operable by movement of said element in response to variations in water inlet temperature relative to another temperature level further to vary the current to said electromagnetic means and the consequent opening of said valve.

3. A heating unit for use in combination with the circulatory cooling system of an internal combustionI Vengine and heat-radiating means connected thereto, said unit comprising an internal combustion heater including a combustion chamber having an exhaust passage for the products of combustion, a water jacket in heat exchange relation with the combustion chamber and having inlet and outlet passages connected with said circulatory system, a heat responsive device disposed adjacent the water jacket inlet so as to respond to the temperature of the Water entering 'said jacket, a fuel inlet valve for the heater, and

actuating means for said valve controlled by said heat responsive device, together with a valve in the outlet of the water jacket and heat responsive means in said outlet connected to open said valve gradually Vas the temperature of the Water at said outlet rises.

4. A heating unit for use in combination with the circulatory system of an internal combustion engine and heat-radiating means connected to said system, Asaid unit comprising an internal combustion heater including a combustion chamber having an exhaust passage for the products of combustion, a Water jacket in heat exchange relation with the combustion chamber and having inlet and outlet passages connected With said circulatory system, an electrically energized igniting device for the heater, a fuel inlet valve for said heater, an electromagnetic control device for said valve, a source of electrical energy for said devices, a thermostat mounted adjacent the exhaust passage and adjusted to open at a predetermined temperature, a relay coil in series with said thermostat, a relay switch closed by said coil to complete the igniter circuit, a second relay switch closed by said coil to complete a circuit for the fuel control device, a holding relay actu- 1 ated by said second switch to maintain a circuit for the fuel control device after said thermostat opens, and a second thermostat responsive to the water temperature and adjusted toopen the holding circuit at a predetermined temperature higher than that at which the rst thermostat opens.

5. In a heating unit as defined in claim 4, said second thermostat being mounted on the Water jacket adjacent the inlet passage leading from the engine circulatory system.

6. A heating unit for use in combination with the circulatory system of an internal combustion engine and heat-radiating means connected to said system, said unit comprising' an internal combustion heater including a combustion chainber having an exhaust passage for the products of combustion, a Water jacket in heat exchange relation with the combustion chamber and having inlet and outlet passages connected with said circulatory system, an electrically energized igniting device for the heater, a fuel inlet valve for said heater, an electromagnetic control device for said valve, a source of electrical energy for said devices, a thermostat mounted adjacent the exhaust passage and adjusted to open at a predetermined temperature, said thermostat con'- trolling a circuit for the igniting device, a thermostat responsive to the Water temperature and adjusted to open a circuit for the fuel control device at al predtermined temperature higher than that. at which the rst thermostat opens, the secondi thermostat closing before the nrst as the heater cools, and means preventing re-energizing of the fuel control'device until the igniter is reener, gized.

'7. A heating unit for use in combination with the circulatory system of an internal combustion engine and heat-radiating means connected to said system, said unit comprising an internal combustion heater including a combustion charnber having an exhaust passage for the products of combustion, a water jacket in heat exchange.

, the strength of the current applied to said solenoid, a resistance in the solenoid' circuit, and a thermostatic switch mounted adjacent the water inlet passage for response to the temperature of the water entering the jacket, said switch being normally closed and being connected in shunt with the resistance but adjusted to open at a predetermined temperature to cut the resistance into the solenoid circuit causing partial closing of the fuel inlet valve.

8. A heating unit for use in combination with the circulatory system of an internal combustion engine and heat-radiating means connected to said system, said unit comprising an internal combustion heater including a combustion chamber having an exhaust passage for the products of combustion, awater jacket in heat exchange relation with the combustion chamber and having inlet and outlet passages connected With said circulatory system, an electrically energized igniting device for the heater, a fuel inlet valve for said heater, an electromagnetic control device for said valve, a source of electrical energy for said devices, said fuel control device including a solenoid which opens the valve in opposition to the fuel supply pressure and in accordance with the strength of the current applied to said solenoid, a resistance in the solenoid circuit, and a thermostatic switch mounted adjacent the water inlet passage for response to the temperature of the Water entering the jacket, said switch being normally closed and being connected in shunt with the resistance but adjusted to open at a predetermined temperature to cut the resistance into the solenoid circuit causing partial closing of the fuel inlet valve, together acoger??A l Y 1'1 Wiiit sewn@ thermosteiicwitch mounted, ed;i latent' the Water? inlet, PaS-Sage and" normally' Giese@ but adapted 'to Open, thesolenoid, circuit for ,closingV the kfuel' inletjvalve Aat a predfetermined hlgiertenipereiure- 9v.' AY heating unit for use in combination with the. circulatory system of an internal combustion engine and heat-radiating means connected to saidsystem, saicl unit comprising an internal combustion heater including a chamber having an'exhaust passage for-the prodnets of combustion, a Waterjacket in heat eX- change relation with the` combustion chamber and haring, inlet'. andoutlet passages connectedv ergized igniting device rior thel heater,fa fuel inlet valve for saidheater,v ainelectromagnetic controlv device f'onsaicl valve; a source `ofjelectrical energy` forsaidldevicesv saidfuel control 'device includingasolenoid which .opens the valve in'acc-orclq L angeli/ith the strength ofthe current applied to said s o1enoid,'ancl 'a thermostatic device 'mounted' adjacent'thewater inletpassage for response to the; temperature of the Water entering the jacketanrloperable to reduce" the current applied to the solenoid- 4asjtlfie temperature ofthe `water in CleSQSJ 10;l Av` heating unit'for use linjcombination with` the circulatory system of an inter/nal combustion engine andjheat-radiatingmeans connected to 3 said` system, saidY unit comprising an internal cgmbustion heater including alf-combustion c hamberhaving an exhaust passage'forfthe products offcombustion, a Waterjaclgetin-heat exchange relation-withthe combustion chamber and hav 35 combustion in:

chamber, a Water jacket inheat exchange"'rela' tion therewith: inleimeens Connectinesaid We* ter-jacket 4with theenginejacket; av heatradiating unit, anoutlet 'passage' connecting 'saidfwater jacket ofy the'water'withsaid unit,1 and'iheat re; sponsi-ve Valve means *in said outlet passage "adi u e Y l y Yj1`iet ed"to 'onenatnalower temperaturejthanthe" with said'circulateijy` system; anele(,:trically ensaiuolgthermally responsivegvalve which controls.- CutOn 'QhYQugh theengme ridatoli l2.L A Mating linit as denedlnclaim 8 `where' in' means Yis 'provided to'prevent reopening ofv the fuel valve until' both tliermosta-tijcswitches are closed.v

i3,V In a heating unit 'as' dened' in cla-11114 an electrically driven blowerconnectedto fiu-nishj combustion air to thehleateriande'facircuitfcn said blower in 'parallel with" the ffuelfcontrolf'dee vice whereby theeblow'er i is started Fwl'l'enthel fuel inlet valve is opened and stopped- .wheny said valve is closed.

JOHN H. LESLIE, II.'

The following references arefoffrecord in the l'e of this patent;

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